Daftar Negara-negara Terbelakang di Dunia (Least Delveloped Countries)

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Daftar Negara-negara Terbelakang di Dunia (Least Delveloped Countries)

Daftar Negara-negara Terbelakang di Dunia – Yang dimaksud dengan Negara Terbelakang adalah negara berpenghasilan rendah yang menghadapi berbagai hambatan struktural yang parah terhadap pembangunan berkelanjutan. Negara-negara terbelakang tersebut sangat rentan akan guncangan ekonomi dan lingkungan serta memiliki tingkat sumber daya manusia yang rendah. Negara-negara Terbelakang atau negara-negara Tertinggal ini dalam bahasa Inggris disebut dengan Least Developed Countries (Negara-negara yang kurang Berkembang) yang disingkat dengan LDC.

Menurut PBB, Sebuah negara dikatakan sebagai negara terbelakang atau negara tertinggal apabiia terdapat tiga kritieria utama dibawah ini :

  1. Kemiskinan atau Poverty – Kriteria kemiskinan ini berdasarkan rata-rata Pendapatan Nasional Bruto atau GNI (Gross National Income) selama tiga tahun. Mulai tahun 2015, Negara yang Pendapatan Nasional Brutonya kurang dari US$1.035,- akan dimasukan ke dalam daftar Negara Terbelakang ini. Sedangkan Negara yang Pendapatan Nasional Brutonya US$1.242,- dinyatakan lulus atau dikeluarkan dari daftar Negara Terbelakang (Least Developed Countries list) ini.
  2. Indeks Aset Manusia atau Human Assets Index (HAI) – Kriteria ini berdasarkan indikator kesehatan, nutrisi, pendidikan dan tingkat melek aksara atau melek huruf. Mulai tahun 2015, Sebuah negara dikatakan sebagai negara terbelakang apabila indeks Aset Manusia (HAI) ini berada dibawah nilai 60. Negara Terbelakang yang nilai Indeks Aset Manusia diatas nilai 66 akan dinyatakan lulus dan dikeluarkan dari daftar negara terbelakang atau negara tertinggal ini.
  3. Kerentanan Ekonomi atau Economic Vulnerability Index (EVI) – Kriteria ini berdasarkan ketidakstabilan produksi pertanian, ketidakstabilan ekspor barang dan jasa dan persentase penduduk yang mengungsi akibat bencana alam. Mulai tahun 2015, Sebuah negara dikatakan sebagai negara terbelakang apabila nilai Indeks Kerentanan ekonomi ini berada diatas 36. Negara Terbelakang yang nilai indeksnya dibawah 32 akan dinyatakan lulus dan keluar dari daftar negara-negara terbelakang ini.

Daftar Negara-negara Terbelakang atau List of Least Developed Countries ini ditinjau setiap 3 tahun sekali oleh Committee for Development (CDP).

Baca juga : Daftar Negara-negara Maju di Dunia.

Daftar Negara-negara Terbelakang di Dunia

Atas tiga kriteria diatas, Perserikatan Bangsa-bangsa atau PBB menetapkan 47 Negara yang masuk ke dalam daftar Negara-negara Terbelakang di Dunia atau List of Least Developed Countries (List of LDCs). Berdasarkan daftar ini, 4 Negara terbelakang terletak di Oseania, 9 Negara Terbelakang berasal dari Benua Asia, 1 Negara yang terletak di Benua Amerika Utara dan 33 Negara Terbelakang terletak di Benua Afrika.

Berikut ini adalah daftar Negara-negara Terbelakang di Dunia berdasarkan List of Least Developed Countries PBB yang diperbarui pada Juni 2017.

No. Nama Negara Lokasi (Benua) 1 Angola Afrika 2 Benin Afrika 3 Burkina Faso Afrika 4 Burundi Afrika 5 Chad Afrika 6 Djibouti Afrika 7 Eritrea Afrika 8 Ethiopia Afrika 9 Gambia Afrika 10 Guinea Afrika 11 Guinea-Bissau Afrika 12 Komoro Afrika 13 Lesotho Afrika 14 Liberia Afrika 15 Madagascar Afrika 16 Malawi Afrika 17 Mali Afrika 18 Mauritania Afrika 19 Mozambik Afrika 20 Niger Afrika 21 Republik Afrika Tengah Afrika 22 Republik Demokratik Kongo Afrika 23 Rwanda Afrika 24 Sao Tome dan Principe Afrika 25 Senegal Afrika 26 Sierra Leone Afrika 27 Somalia Afrika 28 Sudan Afrika 29 Sudan Selatan Afrika 30 Tanzania Afrika 31 Togo Afrika 32 Uganda Afrika 33 Zambia Afrika 34 Haiti Amerika Utara 35 Afghanistan Asia 36 Bangladesh Asia 37 Bhutan Asia 38 Kamboja Asia 39 Laos Asia 40 Myanmar Asia 41 Nepal Asia 42 Timor Leste Asia 43 Yaman Asia 44 Kepulauan Solomon Oseania 45 Kiribati Oseania 46 Tuvalu Oseania 47 Vanuatu Oseania Sumber referensi : List of Least Developed Countries (as of June 2017) dari Committee for Development Policy United Nations (Perserikatan Bangsa-bangsa).

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